Buy Boxer Dogs Online

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The AKC Marketplace is one of the best places to start your search for a puppy, as long as you are vigilant about the above warning signs. AKC Marketplace conducts thousands of kennel inspections a year and is the only online resource to exclusively list 100% puppies from AKC-registerable litters. If you find anything suspicious while searching for a dog on AKC Marketplace, report the details to akcmarketplace@akc.org.

He's a 4yo male boxer who was hit by a car in Ohio and left for dead. The shelter picked him up, and he waited alone for five long days for his family to come get him. They never came. A complete stranger saw the shelter's story about Henry online and wanted to help. This good Samaritan, despite knowing they couldn't keep Henry long-term, picked him up from the shelter and took him home and began to arrange medical care, while at the same time starting a search for others who could help find Henry a forever home. That's where MNBR comes in. One of our members saw Henry's story and connected us, and we stepped in to help secure a foster and ongoing medical attention for this good boy. Henry's original prognosis was that his injuries were catastrophic. He would need to have one of his legs amputated, plus additional surgeries to address what appeared to be major spine damage as well as damage to two of his other legs and hips. The situation seemed dire. But as it turns out, our boy Henry is a fighter!!! Despite his situation, he was in good spirits and started to show improvements in his legs, so the team decided to move forward with finding a treatment path for him. An MRI and assessment revealed that Henry's injuries, while extensive, were operable, and the orthopedic surgeon believed that they could save all Henry's limbs! Since then, Henry has had several therapies, including new water therapy, and he is healing! Henry is a sweet boy who is the definition of a champ!

Thyroid neoplasia is a common endocrine neoplasm in dogs. The boxer is one of the reported breeds predisposed to malignant thyroid neoplasia. However, the association between thyroid neoplasia, malignancy and breed should be considered with caution.

Marked rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland could also be caused by cysts. Thyroid cysts are fluid filled cavities, in dogs mainly as thyroid cystadenomas [17]. Cysts can also be observed with malignant thyroid tumours, namely papillary thyroid carcinomas, which are rarely reported in dogs [15, 17]. Although cystadenomas are occasionally mentioned in large case series of thyroid neoplasia in dogs, or as incidental post-mortem findings, detailed clinical features of these cases have not been described [1, 5, 7, 18]. Two individual case reports described thyroid cystadenoma with concurrent hyperthyroidism in a German shepherd dog and an English springer spaniel [19, 20].

The current case report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cystadenomas in three boxer dogs that presented with enlarging masses on the ventral neck. The presence of hyperthyroidism was not identified in any case. Furthermore, the measurement of the thyroxine (T4) concentration in the cystic fluid allowed rapid confirmation of the thyroidal origin of the mass in each case.

Between 2012 and 2018, three boxer dogs were independently evaluated at University College Dublin (UCD) Veterinary Hospital for investigation of ventral cervical masses (Table 1). The masses were present for a period ranging from six weeks to six months prior to referral. Episodes of regurgitation after excitement or strenuous exercise were also reported in case 1, and hypersalivation in case 3. In cases 1 and 2, the primary veterinary surgeon drained fluid from the mass by percutaneous fine needle aspiration prior to referral; the swelling recurred within a few weeks in both cases.

The current case report describes the presence of an uncommon tumour, thyroid cystadenoma, in three boxer dogs. Although this tumour type has been previously reported in dogs, detailed clinical features are lacking [1, 5, 7, 18]. Greater detail is provided in two case reports, but the clinical appearance differed substantially from the current cases because of the presence of hyperthyroidism [19, 20]. In the current study, investigation was prompted by identification of a mass, or clinical signs secondary to a mass, rather than the consequences of hyperthyroidism. In addition, the presence of this tumour type in three dogs of the same breed may suggest a possible breed predisposition; a finding that is further supported by the identification of this tumour type mainly in boxer dogs in the database review.

None of the dogs had overt clinical signs of hypothyroidism at the time of diagnosis. This is not unexpected with unilateral lesions. However, information on thyroid function was not available for Case 1 and thyroid dysfunction could not be definitively ruled out. Case 2 had a low total T4 with upper reference interval cTSH concentration. This may suggest subclinical thyroid dysfunction given that primary hypothyroidism was subsequently definitively diagnosed six weeks after removal of the thyroid cystadenoma. Neoplasia within, and subsequent removal of, the first lobe may have contributed to decreased functional thyroid reserve and the development of overt hypothyroidism. In this case, the T4 concentration of the cystic fluid was lower compared to cases 1 and 3. This raises the possibility that the T4 concentration in the cystic fluid may provide some information on thyroid function that warrants further investigation. In humans, post-operative hypothyroidism has been reported in up to one third of patients following hemithyroidectomy because of suspected neoplasia [21,22,23]. In these cases, lymphocytic infiltration was identified within the resected tissue, but it is unclear if the tumour itself acts as a trigger for autoimmune thyroiditis [21] or if this represents concurrent but unrelated immune-mediated disease [22]. Lymphocytic infiltration was not apparent histologically in the resected tissue of any of the current cases, but thyroglobulin autoantibodies were not assessed. Therefore, the cause of hypothyroidism in case 2 remains unclear as the contralateral thyroid lobe was not removed or sampled.

It has been proven that fine needle aspiration (FNA) of solid cervical masses has a good diagnostic accuracy in humans [24]. In dogs, one study showed that correlation between cytological results and histopathological findings for thyroid carcinomas was only fair and the aspiration technique resulted in excessive contamination with blood in one third of cases [25]. Cytology was performed in all cases and only the FNA results in case 3 were consistent with the histopathologic diagnosis of adenoma. It is believed that this sample included tissue from the solid part of the thyroid tumour, as the enlargement was not confined to a single cyst in this case. In cases 1 and 2, cytologic evaluation was made from the aspirated fluid and was not diagnostic. This supports previous reports in which cytology of cystic fluid has rarely offered evidence of a particular tumour type or origin due to the paucity of cellular material and lack of pathognomonic cytological features, revealing only cell necrosis and blood cells [19, 20].

In adult humans presenting with a solitary cystic mass in the lateral neck, measurement of thyroglobulin concentration in the cystic fluid is advised as an initial step to confirm the thyroidal origin [26,27,, 28]. Canine thyroglobulin assays are not commercially available. However, a similar approach was taken by measurement of cystic T4 concentrations, and the increased values rapidly confirmed thyroidal origin in all three cases. This appears to be a useful diagnostic procedure in dogs but has only been reported once before [19].

Although long-term effects of thyroid cysts are not known, drainage was only temporarily beneficial. Without treatment, thyroid cysts could continue to grow with progressive compression of adjacent structures, or malignant transformation from adenoma to carcinoma could occur. Although only suspected in dogs, this has been suggested to occur in cats with hyperthyroidism [29]. Also, one study suggested that in theory, TSH may contribute to further growth of primary thyroid carcinomas in dogs [30]. Surgical excision was therefore recommended and curative in the two cases in which it was performed. In humans, thyroidectomy is recommended for all patients with thyroid cysts who have a history of prior neck irradiation, abnormal FNA cytology results, recurrence of the cyst despite two or more needle aspirations and compressive clinical signs despite draining the cystic fluid [31].

Interestingly, all three dogs in the present study were boxers; a breed in which thyroid tumours have been reported with increased frequency in some [2, 7, 8] but not all [1] previous studies. The UCD Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory database search of all internal and external samples over a 12-year period revealed the presence of this tumour type in only six cases (including the three dogs included in this case report), and five of these were boxer dogs. Whether boxers are truly predisposed to this particular condition warrants further investigation.

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We examined gene usage in CLL patients as well as the normal IGHV gene repertoire in six control dogs. IGHV3-38 and IGHV3-19 were most commonly used in non-Boxers with CLL and in the normal gene repertoire of two of the three non-Boxer control dogs. One of the three control non-Boxers had a gene repertoire more similar to the Boxers. Bao et al. [18] demonstrated a bias for IGHV3-38 and IGHV3-19 amongst three healthy dogs, and IGHV3-38 was preferentially rearranged in canine cases with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [25,26]. Boxers with CLL, large B-cell lymphoma, and without lymphoproliferative disease preferentially used IGHV3-41, indicating IGHV3-41 gene usage is high in Boxers, regardless of disease status. IGHV3-47 was commonly used in all three control Boxers without lymphoproliferative disease, but was not used in Boxers with CLL or large B-cell lymphoma. IGHV3-67 was one of the more commonly used IGHV genes in Boxers with CLL, but was not used in any of the non-Boxers with CLL, Boxers with large B-cell lymphoma, or normal B-cell repertoires examined. This suggests IGHV3-67 may be preferentially used in Boxers with CLL, but the number of cases is small and additional cases are needed to verify this finding. A limitation of this study is that the leader primer used for sequencing is specific to the IGHV3 subgroup, which likely had a small effect on the normal repertoire of control dogs. The IGHV3 subgroup is the dominant subgroup in multiple studies [18,23,24], accounting for 90% or more of rearranged genes in one study [23], and we were able to identify the clone in 92% of CLL cases we attempted to sequence with an IGHV3-specific primer. 59ce067264

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